PCOD stands for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, which is a common health condition that affects people with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. PCOS is a hormonal disorder characterized by the presence of small cysts on the ovaries. These cysts are not harmful but can lead to hormonal imbalances. The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Insulin resistance and an overproduction of insulin are also believed to play a role in the development of PCOS. Common symptoms of PCOS include: Irregular periods: Women with PCOS often have irregular menstrual cycles, meaning that the intervals between periods may be longer than normal, and the flow may be unpredictable. Excess androgen: Elevated levels of male hormones (androgens) can lead to symptoms such as acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and male-pattern baldness. Polycystic ovaries: Enlarged ovaries with small cysts can be seen on ultrasound. Insulin resistance: Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which can contribute to weight gain and difficulty in losing weight.